利用花药培养系统选育烟草抗赤星病品系

在接种有烟草赤星病菌的双层培养基上及含赤星病菌毒素的选择培养基上，获得了烟草推广品种ＮＣ８９的花药培养苗。温室内采用离体叶片法对这些花培苗进行了赤星病抗性鉴定，结果约１８％－４２．９％的植株抗性较对照ＮＣ８９有所提高。选其中４株抗性较高且农艺性状与对照ＮＣ８９相近的单株经秋水仙素加倍后收获了种子，然后于１９９２、１９９３年分别在赤星病病圃及大田条件下对其Ｒ—１代、Ｒ—２代植株进行了赤星病抗性及农艺性状测试。两年试验结果一致表明：在染色体加倍以后，所选植株的后代在基因型上已完全纯合，赤星病抗性较对照ＮＣ８９有较大提高，农艺性状也有所改善，而且均稳定遗传，是不同于原ＮＣ８９的烟草新品系。其中两个品系对赤星病的田间相对防效分别达５７．８％和５３．４％，且农艺性状优异，在生产上具有广泛应用前景。     

对地下水与地表水联合调度若干问题的探讨

本文对地下水与地表水联合调度过程中, 联合调度系统类型划分、管理模型中目标函数的选择以及复杂系统的优化等问题进行了探讨。提出了新的联合调度系统分类方案,指出对于复杂的地下水－地表水联合调度系统, 其优化方案的确定, 不仅需要利用多种优化方法求解, 而且还必须对求得的优化解进行模拟验证。最后给出了宁波剡江流域地下水与地表水联合调度的实例     

江泽民论邓小平理论

邓小平理论作为党的指导思想 ,江泽民对这一理论形成的历史条件、科学体系、历史地位和指导意义等 ,进行了全面系统的论述。     

长江流域住宅夏季通风降温方式探讨

认为全天持续自然通风对于长江流域住宅夏季降温效果很差，不应继续采用。推荐白天限制通风，夜间强化通风的间歇机械通风方式。实测结果表明，这种方式可取得相当满意的降温效果，而３７０砖墙住宅又优于２４０砖墙住宅。提出了预测间歇通风效果的回归方程。     

A novel inversion method to determine the mass distribution of non-refractory coatings on refractory black carbon using a centrifugal particle mass analyzer and single particle soot photometer

A novel inversion method is presented, which derives the two-variable number distribution for black carbon aerosol, using a coupled centrifugal particle mass analyzer (CPMA) and single particle soot photometer (SP2). The CPMA classifies all particles by their mass-to-charge ratio, and the SP2 detects the mass of refractive black carbon (rBC) in each individual particle. The results of the inversion are the simultaneous number distributions of both rBC mass and total particle mass. Using the distribution, the coating distribution on a population of rBC particles can be identified visually. Furthermore, the distribution can be integrated to find one-variable mass and number concentration distributions as a function of total or rBC particle mass. These capabilities were demonstrated via smog chamber experiments, where an organic (non-rBC) coating was grown onto uncoated rBC aerosol over several hours via photo-oxidation of p-xylene. The particle distributions were constructed using the inversion over a range of 1–60 fg of total particle mass. As the non-rBC coating thickness increased over time, a shift in the number distribution toward higher total mass was observed. At the end of the experiment, uncoated rBC was injected into the chamber, and the distribution was clearly resolved using the inversion. The CPMA-SP2 method offers several advantages over “SP-2 only” methods, namely, (i) coating mass information can be obtained over a wider range of total particle mass, (ii) total particle mass is measured directly, and (iii) it does not make core–shell morphology assumptions.

Copyright © 2018 American Association for Aerosol Research     

On the time response determination of condensation particle counters

Condensation particle counter (CPC) technology has continued to evolve, with the introduction of several new instruments over the last several years. An important aspect in the characterization of these instruments is the measurement of their time response. Yet there is no standardly accepted approach for this measurement. Here we evaluate different classically used methods for determining CPC time response, and present the potential pitfalls associated with these approaches. Further, we introduce a new simple definition for the term response time, ?, which is based on the first-order systems response, while providing a practical definition by corresponding to ～95% change in concentration. We also present results for various commonly used CPCs, and for the Airmodus A11 nano Condensation Nucleus Counter (nCNC) system, the TSI 3777+3772 Nano Enhancer system, and Aerosol Dynamics Inc.'s (ADI) new versatile water condensation particle counter.

Copyright © 2018 American Association for Aerosol Research     

适用于分布式水文模拟的空间插值方法改进

降水数据是水文模型重要输入数据之一,雨量空间插值是获得面雨量数据的有效方法。改进现有雨量插值方法,获取较为精确的逐日连续面域降水数据,并以补远江流域为例对改进效果进行验证,将插值后得到的降水数据作为输入条件,基于MIKE SHE水文模型模拟补远江流域径流过程,分析改进后的插值方法所得降水数据对模型精度的提高效果。结果表明:利用改进插值方法(简称IDW-Thiessen插值法)得到的降水数据,在模型模拟径流过程中的效果优于利用Thiessen多边形获得的降水数据;在补远江流域这一研究案例中,利用IDW-Thiessen插值法得到的降水数据模拟补远江日径流,所得结果的纳什系数在率定期和验证期都超过0.7,高于利用Thiessen多边形法得到的降水数据进行径流模拟结果的纳什系数;IDW-Thiessen插值法与Thiessen多边形得到的径流模拟结果相比,年平均误差减少10%,雨季模型模拟精度提高6%,旱季模型模拟精度提高了7%,模拟径流过程线与实测径流过程线更吻合。     

江淮丘陵地区塘坝系统水适应性机制与测度分析

丘陵地区塘坝系统是适应水资源需求的产物,是人水和谐的表现。以位于江淮丘陵区的两个小流域(样区1面积1.14km2,样区2面积1.27km2)为研究样区,以高分辨率遥感影像、1∶10000DEM以及塘坝实测数据(面积和深度)等为数据源,构建了塘坝分布地形权重指数(W)、塘坝与土地利用适应性指数(P)、塘坝水资源供需适应性指数(R)等,定量研究塘坝系统水适应性机制。研究表明:研究样区林草地为主要土地利用类型(50%),其次为耕地(约35%),而塘坝在两个样区面积占比分别为5.8%和2.82%。地形权重指数W显示高位塘坝占绝对优势。塘坝与土地利用适应性指数P显示样区1适应性较佳,而样区2适应性较差。在频率85%的年降水量情景下,塘坝供水与耕地综合灌溉需水的供需适应性指数R分别为1.02和0.59,与指数P结论相吻合。研究认为,研究区塘坝、耕地、地形三者之间具有相互制约和适应的关系。     

Ozone-free post-DBD aerosol bipolar diffusion charger: Evaluation as neutralizer for SMPS size distribution measurements

A postplasma neutralizer for submicron particles size measurements by mobility analysis has been evaluated. Bipolar ion currents have been measured downstream a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) to estimate the ion fluxes at the inlet of charging volume and the n_i·τ product that define the theoretical maximal concentration that can be neutralized. Charge distributions were measured versus DBD voltage, aerosol diameter and concentration for monodisperse aerosols. It is confirmed that the charge distribution of particles depends on the ratio of initial positive and negative ion currents controlled by the DBD voltage leading to a tuneable mean charge of aerosol in this post-DBD bipolar charger. As expected from Gunn's law, the mean charge and the variance are proportional to particle diameter above 50 nm and independent of the aerosol concentration. The size distributions measured with ⁸⁵Kr and post-DBD neutralizer present the same modal diameters and a maximal overestimation of the total concentration of 10%, for aerosol from 15 to 730 nm with concentrations up to 6 × 10¹² m^?3. This post-DBD bipolar charger can be used for submicron aerosol neutralization and thus for scanning mobility particle sizer size distribution measurements in air as well as in nitrogen to suppress ozone downstream DBD.

Copyright © 2017 American Association for Aerosol Research